The,strongest,wine,to,drink

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Analyses the difference and tea culture difference between Chinese and western wine culture
篇一:The,strongest,wine,to,drink

Analyses the difference and tea culture difference between

Chinese and western wine culture

【pick to】 as a result of living environment, historical background, traditional customs, values, thinking mode and different social norms, western and Chinese tea drinking culture present a different style, rich and colorful differences. In this paper, several aspects of a comparative study, understand the cultural differences between Chinese and western tea wine, helps people to successful cross-cultural communication.

【key words】 difference; China; In the west. Wine culture; Tea culture;

1. The wine culture differences

1.1 the introduction

Wine is one of the important drink in human life, it made an important contribution to improve the quality of human life. In East Asia, China and Western Europe Greece produced a wine that drinks almost simultaneously. Different regions have different wines, and reveals a variety of different wines wine culture. Wine in the history of human culture, it is not only an objective matter, but rather a cultural symbol. Because of the cultural differences between China and the West, resulting in a point of view of Chinese and Western people wine tasting different, different kinds of Western wine culture in extend.

1.2 The different kinds of wine

In many of China's wine, wine has a long history, technology maturity, by

far remains the world's largest production of schnapps. Although it is the oldest wine, but most representative of Chinese wine than liquor, from a certain angle it can be said that China's wine culture is the wine culture. Cereal grain production in China, variety, function of the food people eat is met, there are residual, which lay a solid foundation for food wine. So most Chinese wines are made from food.

In the West, known as the cradle of Western civilization, Greece, located in the Balkan peninsula, surrounded by sea on three sides, across the mountains and Islands in the territory, relatively poor soil, typical of the Eastern Mediterranean-type climate. Not conducive to food crops, cereal yield is low, can only meet to eat, it is difficult to have a surplus of wine. And prefer gravel soil of grape, with its drought-tolerant and Eastern Mediterranean-type climate adaptability in Greece planted widely, therefore Western people make wine out of grapes, wine to meet Western demand for wine. Western wine grapes as raw material mainly refers to is made from champagne, brandy, wine.

1.3. Drinking etiquette is different

From the point of drinking etiquette, wine in Western cultures are very different. Ponder, we can find such a rule, drinking Chinese pay attention to people, to see and who drink drinking atmosphere; West of alcohol concerned wine, depends on what kind of wine to drink, and enjoy the taste of wine.

Chinese drinking etiquette reflected on the drinking man's respect. Who is the master, who is the guest, have a fixed seat, have a fixed order of toast.

Toast starts with host King, finish master disrespectful, others are not entitled to respect, if the order is to be punished. Toast must start from the guest of honor toast, toast glasses full, said is was a toast of mutual respect. Junior elders, subordinate to the parent toast toasting should take the initiative, and is about to do for respect. The prohibition, uninhibited drinking etiquette, but also to let alcohol people drink more and came into being. Clearly, the hierarchy for all ages, China China's wine culture is deeply affected by the influence of traditional culture, in the process of drinking respect people for drinking in the first place.

But Western people drinking wine etiquette, the reaction out of respect for the wine. Tasting wine to view its color and smell its aroma, its flavor, mobilization of sensual wine. In tasting order, pay attention to drink white wine drinking Red wines, lighter wines before full-bodied wine, to drink young wine drink wine for long years, in accordance with the laws of taste and deeper enjoyment of flavors in the wine. On the choice of wines is also centered on how to make drinking requirements of full enjoyment of wine to choose. For aroma to create glass Tulip shape goblet, were fully stretched by wine decanter, wine vessels, as well as specially designed for drinking for the master of wine temperature thermometer, all reflect Western respect for the wine, their drinking etiquette, the drinking culture is developed in order to better appreciate the delicious.

2. Tea culture between east and west

2.1. The Chinese tea culture and its philosophyThe,strongest,wine,to,drink。

Tea from China, is not only a drink, but also a profound culture. China is the homeland of tea, is the birthplace of tea. Familiarity with Chinese tea, from the Kings, philosophers, poets, down to the porters fanfu, civilians, all with tea as well. The saying goes: "door seven thing, leading a poor youyanjiangcu tea. "This shows that the relationship between tea and had life not far from people's daily lives. Chinese tea-drinking about tea ceremony, in the activity of tea into the philosophy, ethics, morals, cultivate, cultivate by tea, lifestyle, Zen enlightenment, enjoyment of spiritual and baptism on the personality, which is the highest level of Chinese tea.

2.2. The characteristics of western tea culture

Due to differences in cultural and environmental conditions, tea drinking culture throughout the world are spread and the degree of development varies. This difference not just in tea time, tea culture is also evident in behavior. Whether objects in a tea or is on the way, people of different countries in different regions have maintained different customs and habits.

United States known as the Kingdom of coffee, but about half have tea, has created its own culture of tea drinking, amazing. United States's tea sales of more than $ 1 billion a year. Americans and Chinese tea drinking is different, most people like to drink iced tea, instead of hot tea. Drinking, put ice in the cold drink tea or cold drinks ice tea in the refrigerator well in advance, smell the scent of refreshing nasal, sipping refreshing cool gear, feel cool in the chest,

good. It is regrettable that, as this tea to drink, mostly cold, are without any traces of tea, instant tea, Chinese tea that tastes, sweet, kind of laid-back, less tea flavor.

This open method of drinking tea in the West, the good news is that tea drinking is a new life, a new tradition as a basis, common and Active; However, the is just for tea and drinking tea, not as China tea, rose to nature one of philosophy.

3. Summary

Tea drinking culture in the West have their own characteristics. Only in accordance with the similarities and differences between China and the West, in order to better understand the differences of Sino-Western cultural values, and Western Nations, full tea and wine should play a role in communication, to better, faster to achieve the desired effect.

1000 BEST WINE SECRETS 部分
篇二:The,strongest,wine,to,drink

128 1000 BEST WINE SECRETS 第128页 《一千个葡萄酒的秘密》

WI N E S O F N O R T HWE S T I TA LY 意大利西北部葡萄酒

464. Piedmont is arguably the most important wine region of Northwest Italy, making the famous Barolo and Barbaresco wines. Barolo and Barbaresco come from regions of the same names. Both are challenging, heavy wines made from the Nebbiolo grape.

意大利西北部山麓地区可以说是最重要的葡萄酒产区，盛产著名的巴罗洛（Barolo）和和巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒（Barbaresco）。两种葡萄酒酒浓烈、挑战性强，产自内比奥罗葡萄（Nebbiolo grape）（一种非常出色的黑色葡萄品种），二者皆来自同一产地。

465.Barolo is a deep, resolute expression of Nebbiolo heaving with aromas and flavors of roses, tar, and licorice, as well as black and red stone fruit. The wine is always rich in tannins and acidity, as well as alcohol and fruit extract. It is a wine that comes into its own after many years of bottle age.

巴罗洛葡萄酒（Barolo）深厚、浓郁，强烈表达了内比奥罗葡萄（Nebbiolo）的芳香气味，同时散发出玫瑰、焦油、甘草、黑色和红色核果的香味。这种葡萄酒单宁含量丰富，酸度、酒精含量和水果萃取含量高，且装瓶后储藏多年后才能凸显、发挥其韵味。

466. Enzo Boglietti produces exemplary Barolos brimming with ripe plum, tobacco, chocolate, smoke, and all that’s fine in the world. Dip in after you’ve patiently granted the bottles some years to rest. Another noteworthy producer is Cavallotto, that makes chocolatety, spicy, fruit-drenched Barolos. Good winter wines.

Enzo Boglietti酒庄生产的典型巴罗洛葡萄酒，充溢着熟李子味儿、烟草香、巧克力味儿、烟味儿，这些香味都是世上极好的味道。只要你耐心将这瓶酒储藏多年，这些香味就会浸泡在酒中。另一个值得注意的葡萄酒产地就是卡瓦洛塔酒庄（Cavallotto），这儿生产的巴罗洛葡萄酒充斥着巧克力和水果香，味道辛辣。这种葡萄酒非常适合冬天饮用。

传统的巴罗洛葡萄酒（Barolos）酿造后要存储10到20年，若储藏年份不足，酒味则艰涩难饮。

468.Barbaresco is a strapping wine of considerable vigor, but less intense than Barolo. Another point of difference is Barbaresco matures quicker than Barolo, coming into its own five to ten years after vintage.

巴芭罗斯克（Barbaresco）是一种捆绑型葡萄酒，力道大，却不如巴罗洛葡萄酒（Barolos）那么强劲。另一个区别在于巴芭罗斯克比巴罗洛葡萄酒成熟快，酿造后存储5到10年即可饮用。

469.Some producers are making softer, easier drinking Barolos and Barbarsecos in response to the global demand for fruitier wine that’s ready to drink young. Ceretto is a producer making Barolo wines in this more accessible style and Angelo Gaja makes a style of Barbaresco.

有些生产商为了迎合全球对富含水果香味儿葡萄酒的需求，为了葡萄酒可以趁新鲜饮用，一些葡萄酒生产商正在生产一些更加温和、工序更简单的巴罗洛和巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒。赛拉图酒庄生产得巴罗洛葡萄酒更受大众所喜爱、接受，安吉罗.嘉雅，这位葡萄酒生产商则以现代、友好的酿酒方式生产出独特的巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒。

470.The hallmark flavors and aromas of Barbaresco wine are pretty much always tar and roses. 巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒的特点是其滋味和芳香中掺杂着大量的焦油味儿和玫瑰香味儿。

471.Ada Nada is a reliable producer of traditional Barbarescos that taste of spice, tar, roses, and often hints of espresso.

阿达滩是位可信赖的传统巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒生产商，他生产出的巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒含香料、焦油、玫瑰的香味，通常还带有浓浓的咖啡香味。

130 1000 BEST WINE SECRETS

472.Bruno Rocca makes Barbarescos with reams of hefty black pepper and black forest fruits, as well as stones, leather, tar, and the usual perfume of roses.

布鲁诺罗卡酒庄（Bruno Rocca）所产巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒富含大量黑胡椒和深色森林果香味，兼有石子、动物皮革、焦油及玫瑰香味。

473. Barolo and Barbaresco were sweet wines until the mid to late nineteenth century. Today, they are all dry, massive reds.

巴罗洛葡萄酒和巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒在19世纪中后期一直都是甜葡萄酒，现如今却大量以干红葡萄酒的种类出现。

474. The area of Trentino in Northwest Italy makes a wine called Teroldego Rotaliano, named for the Teroldego grape from which the wine is made. These wines are deeply colored with black and red berry flavor and the unmistakable hint of tar. These wines are low in tannin but high in extract and acid, so expect lots of sour fruit. They are also slightly bitter on the finish, which is the inherent wine style rather than a flaw. These wines should be drunk within about five years of the vintage.

意大利的西北部特伦蒂诺所产泰罗德格·罗塔利亚诺葡萄酒（Teroldego Rotaliano）因产自 特洛迪歌葡萄（Teroldego）而得名。酒体颜色深浓，富含黑色和红色果浆风味，焦油味四溢，单宁量少，酸度和纯度较高，宜与酸味水果搭配。此酒装瓶后味微苦，这并非是瑕疵，而是该酒本身特点，该酒宜在酿造后5年内饮用。

makes a very good Teroldego Rotaliano with all the charm and elegance of a gracious Old World wine as well as the easy accessibility of a fruity New World one.

特伦蒂诺联邦所产泰罗德格·罗塔利亚诺葡萄酒既有旧世界葡萄酒的优雅与高贵，又像新世界果味葡萄酒那样易得。

476.About half of the wine produced in Piedmont is Barbera, which are often labeled Barbera del Piemonte, Barbera d’Alba, or Barbera d’Asti. It is a full-bodied, ruby-colored wine with high acidity made from a grape of the same name. It is the people’s wine—an inexpensive, easy-to-drink food wine.

意大利山麓地区所产葡萄酒中约一半为巴贝拉葡萄酒(Barbera)，通常称之为皮尔蒙特巴贝拉葡萄酒（Barbera del Piemonte）、阿尔巴巴贝拉红葡萄酒（Barbera d’Alba）、阿斯蒂巴贝拉红葡萄酒(Barbera d'Asti)。此酒产于巴贝拉葡萄，酒体醇厚、色泽诱人——红宝石色、价格低廉，是一种易于人们接受的配餐酒。

Italian Wine 131 意大利葡萄酒131

477. Think of Barbera as the quintessential Italian mother—generous, reliable, and almost indispensable to family meals. Barbera is relied on by the people of Northwest Italy to go with their traditional fare of antipasto, risotto, meat, cheese, pasta, and pesto. It is probably the best value red wine you can buy from Italy.

巴贝拉葡萄酒就像一位典型的意大利母亲，大方可靠，是家庭饮食中不可或缺的一把手。意大利西北部的人们，常用巴贝拉葡萄酒和一些传统食物如开胃菜、意大利调味饭、肉类、奶酪、意大利面、香蒜沙司来搭配。这或许是你可以从意大利买到的最有价值的红酒了。

478. In 1982, Giacomo Bologna made a Barbera called Bricco dell’Uccellone. This wine was different than any other Barbera because it came from carefully managed vines with reduced fruit yields, and was fermented in new French oak barrels—a technique not traditionally applied to Barbera winemaking. The low yields made riper, more concentrated Barbera while the new oak barrels changed the structure and flavor substantially; oak-fermented Barbera is softer and spicier. This new approach caught on and other Barbera producers are quickly following suit.

1982年，波罗那酒庄（Giacomo Bologna）用巴贝拉酿制了游赛龙干红葡萄酒（Bricco dell’Uccellone），此酒与其他巴贝拉葡萄酒不同，采用低产葡萄酿造，精心调制而成，使用法国新橡木桶发酵——一种传统巴贝拉葡萄酒酿造不会使用的技术。低产葡萄酒的酿造使巴贝拉葡萄酒更加成熟浓郁、浓缩度高，新橡木桶的使用也大大改善巴贝拉的一些特性，如为其极为不突出的香气增加馥郁之感，酒体更加柔和辛辣。这种全新的酿造方法酿出的葡萄酒很受欢迎，很多其他巴贝拉葡萄酒生产商也迅速竞相仿效。

479.Today, there are traditional and modern Barbera’s available. The way to tell the difference is to know the producer—again a reason to search out a knowledgeable wine merchant.

目前有很多现当代葡萄酒，区别它们的方法就是要知道其生产商，这也是为什么要找一个懂行酒商的原因了。

480.Castello Calosso is a name to watch for when shopping for Barbera d’Asti. Recently, ten top wine producers of the Asti region collaborated to try to produce what they would deem the best Barbera in the world. They grow their own fruit and vinify it in their own wineries, but they all subscribe to a shared set of standards and use the same label design.

购买阿斯蒂巴贝拉红葡萄酒(Barbera d'Asti)时要注意Castello Calosso这个名字。最近，阿斯蒂地区的前十葡萄酒生产商，共同努力想要打造出一款他们认为是世界上最好的巴贝拉葡萄酒。他们自己种葡萄，在自己的酒庄酿造，但都遵循着一套统一的酿造标准，采用相同的设计商标。

132 1000 BEST WINE SECRETS 132《葡萄酒的1000个秘密》

481.Dolcetto is a native red grape of Northwest Italy that produces fruity, affable wine of the same name. Dolcetto is dry, low in tannin and acid, and tastes of fresh mixed berries and almonds. Best drank young—meaning within a year or two of the vintage noted on the bottle—it is great midweek quaffer to pair with almost anything.

多姿桃（Dolcetto）是一种意大利西北部的红葡萄品种，可酿造出口感柔顺，果味浓郁的多姿桃葡萄酒。多姿桃干红葡萄酒单宁和酸度较低，混合着新鲜的浆果味和杏仁味。

482.Look for Dolcetto d’Asti by Corino. This producer makes wines of consistently good quality with clean, ripe black cherry, blackberry, and raspberry fruit; hints of violet; and a kick of spice. 看看柯尼诺酒庄（Corino）酿造的多姿桃阿斯缇红葡萄酒（Dolcetto d’Asti ）。该酒庄所酿葡萄酒一贯品质极高，酒体清澈、绽放出成熟的黑樱桃、黑梅、红梅果香、带有紫罗兰的花香和香料味。

483.The Moscato grape makes a sparkling wine called Moscato d’Asti, which works well as an aperitif or refreshing accompaniment to a dessert of fresh pineapple. It’s delicate, light-bodied, medium-sweet, and low in alcohol.

麝香葡萄（Moscato grape）可以酿造出莫斯卡托阿斯蒂甜白起泡酒（Moscato d’Asti），这种起泡酒可作为开胃酒，与餐后甜点、新鲜菠萝搭配可以给人耳目一新，酒体轻盈柔和、甜度适中、酒精度偏低。

484.La Spinetta makes a lovely Moscato d’Asti called Vigneto Biancospino. Threaded through with lacy acidity, this fresh fruity sparkler is the perfect al fresco aperitif.

拉瑞塔绿犀牛酒庄（La Spinetta）酿造出娟秀的Vigneto Biancospino起泡酒，丝丝酸味萦绕始终，新鲜果味满溢的特点使之成为人们新鲜开胃酒的最佳选择。

485.Gavi is a still white wine from Cortese grapes. It is dry and lean with zippy acidity, and mineral and lime flavors.The,strongest,wine,to,drink。

加维（Gavi）是用歌蒂丝葡萄（Cortese）酿成的一款非起泡干白葡萄酒，酒体虽不饱满但酸度活泼，带有苏打水和酸橙的味道。

Italian Wine 133 意大利葡萄酒133

486.A good producer of Gavi is Castello Di Tassarollo. Here, all grapes are handpicked before being pressed and made into wine. About 10 percent of the wine is aged briefly in barrels to add a bit more character to the Cortese grape. The wines tend to taste of citrus, green apple, almonds, and a hint of anise.

加维（Gavi）有位很好的葡萄酒生产商Castello Di Tassarollo，他酿造所用葡萄均是采摘、然后压榨，10%的葡萄酒均是直接直接用橡木桶发酵后珍藏多年，除了歌蒂丝葡萄（Cortese）本身，还拥有更多的品质，酒中充溢着柑橘、青苹果、杏仁的果香味和茴香的气味。 487.A biodynamic producer in the Piedmont region of Northwest Italy is Cascina Degli Ulivi. 意大利西北部的山麓地区有一位葡萄酒生产商叫Cascina Degli Ulivi。

488.Two organic producers in Northwest Italy are Cascina La Pertica and Tenute Loacker. 意大利西北部有两位有机食物生产者叫Cascina La Pertica、Tenute Loacker。

489.Years 2001 and 2004 were the best recent vintages in Northwest Italy.The,strongest,wine,to,drink。

2001年与2004年是意大利西北部葡萄酒酿造的最佳年份。

WI N E S O F N O R T H E A S T I TA LY 意大利东北部葡萄酒

490.Northeast Italy makes Valpolicella, Soave, Amarone, Prosecco, and the varietally labeled wines from the usual international grapes—Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, and so forth.

意大利东北部盛产瓦尔波利塞拉葡萄酒（Valpolicella）、苏瓦韦白葡萄酒（Soave）、阿玛罗尼葡萄酒（Amarone）、普罗塞克葡萄酒（Prosecco），贴有各种不同品种标签的葡萄酒均酿自国际上常用的酿酒葡萄如赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）、霞多丽（Chardonnay）、梅洛（Merlot）、白苏维翁或长相思（Sauvignon Blanc）等。

491. Valpolicella is a light red, refreshing wine best drank young. The grapes used to make Valpolicella are Corvina, Rondinella, and Molinara, and the resulting wine tastes of cherry and red plum.

瓦尔波利塞拉葡萄酒（Valpolicella）淡红色酒体清新悦人，适合年轻时饮用，所用酿酒葡萄为“科尔维纳”（Corvina）、“罗蒂内拉”（Rondinella）和“莫利那拉”（Molinara ），由这些葡萄所酿之酒充溢着樱桃和红李的果香味。

134 1000 BEST WINE SECRETS 134 1000个 葡萄酒的秘密

492.Is it possible for a wine to smell and taste of a place? Yes. Bertani’s Villa Novare Valpolicella Classico 2004 takes me to Italy in a sip. , black plum, and mixed ripe forest fruit. Outstanding value.

一瓶葡萄酒会不会可能带领你去嗅、去品尝一个地方呢？是的，仅品尝了一口贝塔尼酒庄（Bertani）2004年的古典诺瓦拉农庄瓦潘提纳葡萄酒（Villa Novare Valpolicella Classico）就把我吸引到了意大利，此酒混合着土味及乌梅、熟森林水果味，性价比极高。

We often advise him not to drink mo
篇三:The,strongest,wine,to,drink

一、整体解读

试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。

1．回归教材，注重基础

试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。

2．适当设置题目难度与区分度

选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。

3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察

在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。

Hewasinpoorhealth,sothedoctor_____t
篇四:The,strongest,wine,to,drink

一、整体解读

试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。

1．回归教材，注重基础

试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。

2．适当设置题目难度与区分度

选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。

3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察

在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。

中国酒中译英参考译文
篇五:The,strongest,wine,to,drink

中国酒

Chinese Wine

Chinese archaeologists have discovered pottery wine vessels at the ruins which dates back to over 4000 years ago. It proves that the Chinese people began to drink wine at that time.

中国考古人员曾经在距今4000多年前的废墟中发现盛酒的陶器，可见，在那个时候，就有人开始饮酒了。

There are many stories about wine in Chinese history. Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, , could not live without wine for a day. The great poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty could write 100 poems after drinking wine.

中国历史上有关酒的故事很多：晋代诗人陶渊明不能一日无酒；唐代大诗人李白“斗酒诗百篇”等。

China is a country of amenity, attaching the importance to rules to everything. Taking drinking for an example, there are so many interesting things. For example, at a banquet, if someone wants to express his / her respect to their elders or superiors, he /she will toast. Before drinking the wine, they will touch their cups to show their affection. When holding the cup, the younger’s cup will be lower than the superior’s to show his /her respect. The person who toasts will empty one cup of wine at one go to show his /her sincerities.

中国是个礼仪之邦，凡事注重规矩。就拿喝酒来说，也有很多有意思的事儿。比如在宴席上，如果想表示对长辈或者上级的尊重，，晚辈就会主动敬酒。在喝酒之前，两个人会碰一下酒杯表示感情，举杯的时候，晚辈举杯不能比长辈高，以示尊重。 主动敬酒的人会把一杯酒全部喝完，以此来表示自己的诚意。

It’s a jolly time when the Chinese drink wine. Sometimes rules for drinking will be set in a game when people drink in order to increase the liveliness. There are various kinds of rules for drinking, one of which unchangeable, that is, for the people participating in the games, the loser will drink. In ancient times, among the intellectuals, the rules for drinking were generally to supply the antithesis to a given poem or phrase.

中国人喝酒的时候很热闹。有时候，为了增加热闹的气氛，人们喝酒的时候还要行酒令。酒令就是在酒桌上的游戏，不同的酒令有着不同的规则，有一点是不变的，参与游戏的人，输了就要喝酒。古代的读书人行酒令一般是对诗或是对对联。

the strongest link

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